Indian Polity Basics Every Law Entrance Aspirant Needs
Written and reviewed by Shubham Jain, BA LL.B., LL.M. · UILS, Panjab University alumnus · founder with 15+ years of teaching · Jury Law Academy, founded in 2016.
Sep 21, 2026
The legislature
Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha: composition, terms, presiding officers, how a bill becomes law, money bills, and the role of parliamentary committees.
The executive
President and Vice-President: election, powers, ordinance-making. Prime Minister and Council of Ministers: appointment and collective responsibility. Governors and state executives.
The judiciary
Supreme Court and High Courts: composition, appointment, jurisdiction, judicial review, writ jurisdiction, and the binding nature of Supreme Court decisions.
Federal structure
Union, State and Concurrent lists, centre-state relations, inter-state councils and the Finance Commission's role in fiscal distribution.
Elections and local government
The Election Commission's functions, the model code of conduct, and the panchayat and municipal systems introduced by the 73rd and 74th amendments.
Revision approach
One sheet per institution: composition, powers, appointment, and one recent news item. Revise weekly and add to the news line as events occur. Verify constitutional text on the official India Code repository.
Related reading
Frequently Asked Questions
How much polity is needed for law entrance exams?
A working knowledge of the legislature, executive, judiciary, federal structure, elections and local government is enough for most law entrance papers.
Is polity the same as constitutional law?
They overlap. Polity covers how institutions function; constitutional law focuses on provisions and their judicial interpretation.
Where can I read authentic constitutional text?
The official India Code repository maintained by the Government of India.
How should polity be revised?
In institution-wise sheets, linked to current news about each institution.